Finance bankruptcy - What is Bankruptcy and What Are Its Different Types?
Bankruptcy is a complicated process. All bankruptcy filings include two main parties - the debtor and the creditor. The debtor can be a company or an individual. The creditor is usually an organization or a company. In most bankruptcy cases there are several creditors.
Debts can be of two different types - secured and unsecured. Your car loan, for example, is a secured debt. By lending you the money to buy a car, the bank has acquired a legal claim on it. If you fail to make your car loan repayments, the bank can take possession of your car.
Secured debts can’t be fully discharged. If a debtor having secured debts files bankruptcy he has two options: he can either make the payments and keep the asset or he can stop making the payments and have the asset repossessed. In a bankruptcy settlement, secured creditors are always paid first.
Types of Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is of four different types. Each type of bankruptcy is named after its respective chapters in the United States Bankruptcy Code.
Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
Straight bankruptcy or ‘liquidation’ is filed under Chapter 7. In a straight bankruptcy case the trustee sells off or liquidates all non-exempt assets held by the debtor. The money raised from the sale is used to pay off the debts to the fullest extent possible. Both individuals and corporations can file Chapter 7 bankruptcies. The portion of the debt that can’t be repaid through liquidation is discharged.
A chapter 7 bankruptcy is not quite suitable for businesses, because it makes it impossible to conduct business operations. It is also not the right choice for Individuals who want to keep a property like a home or a car, but have failed to pay the mortgage or car loan. That is because chapter 7 bankruptcy allows the mortgage holders or car loan creditors to take your property to cover your debt.
Chapter 11
Among the bankruptcy filings, chapter 11 is the most complex. This is the type of bankruptcy filed by most troubled businesses. Individuals too are eligible to file bankruptcy under chapter 11. In a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing, the debtor continues to function. He is allowed to maintain ownership of all assets, and is required to work out a reorganization plan to pay off creditors. In the past, debtors were allowed to take any amount of time to come up with their reorganization and payment plan. But it is no longer possible. The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 require all debtors to submit their reorganization plan within a 120-day time limit. If the debtor fails to do so, creditors can come up with their own plans.
Chapter 12
This bankruptcy is for farm owners. Under a chapter 12 bankruptcy the debtor is allowed to own and control his assets and workout a repayment plan with the creditors.
Chapter 13
Chapter 13 bankruptcy is much like chapter 11 bankruptcy. The main difference is that while the chapter 11 is mostly filed by businesses, chapter 13 is for individuals. Under this bankruptcy the debtor is allowed to retain control and ownership of assets. He is also allowed to work out a three to five-year repayment plan. If the income of the debtor isn’t sufficient to pay off all the debts, a portion of the debt may be discharged. There are also some limits on the amount of debt involved. For more articles like this bookmark www.ChicagoBankruptcyLawyers.net
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